India's foreign policy has evolved significantly since Jawaharlal Nehru's vision of non-alignment. The Nehruvian era focused on sovereignty and the Non-Aligned Movement, advocating for global peace and decolonization. Indira Gandhi's leadership marked a shift towards pragmatism, resulting in the Bangladesh Liberation War and strengthened ties with the Soviet Union. The Cold War led to economic liberalization under a coalition government, and post-1998 nuclear era under Vajpayee reinforced India's global strategic stature. Under Modi, India adopted a multi-alignment strategy, expanding economic diplomacy and strengthening defense ties with major powers. India's increasing role in multilateral institutions reflects its ambition to shape global governance.