This research is part of the pesticide management policy for sustainable agriculture and health. Since the green revolution, agricultural practice includes the use of pesticides in order to intensify agricultural yields (M. Kanda, 2009; C. Ahouangninou, 2011; TD Doudou and SA Adou, 2018) [13, 3, 10]. However, during the life cycles of pesticides, several actions deviate from commercial standards (licit sale of pesticides by qualified persons) and required phytosanitary practices (compliance with pesticide doses and deadlines before harvesting agricultural products). The qualitative side of this research took place in the department of Dabou. For data collection, we used immersion, semi-structured interview, both direct and participant observation, documentary research and field notebook keeping. A total of fifty (50) social actors (administrators, distributors, sellers, farmers and greengrocers and consumers) were questioned on the basis of the reasoned choice technique. The data collected was transcribed, sorted according to research themes and processed using content analysis. The Social Life Theory of drugs (Appadurai, 1986) [4] and the Rational Choice Theory (Boudon, 2004) [6] were used for the analysis. This study reflects the ground results. First, it analyzes commercial strategies and logic of pesticides purchasing. Then, it explains the different ways of using them. Finally, it shows that the different modes of marketing and social uses raise the problem of vegetable quality, constraints to sustainable agriculture and health problems.