This article examines the Socio-Economic and Environmental Impacts of Bebeka coffee plantation development since its foundation to the late 2011. The study largely depends on the critical analysis of archival sources and oral testimonies. The geographical location of Bebeka in the tropical regions of southwestern parts of Ethiopia and the growing of coffee trees naturally in its dense forest made the area to be one of the historical sites in which the modern system of coffee plantation and production was flourished. The socio-economic and administrative changes made by the socialist regime that nationalized the coffee farm following the 1974 revolution largely contributed for the social and ecological impacts in the area. The aim of this paper is, therefore, to survey the social and economic consequences Bebeka coffee plantation Development mainly following the establishment of the project by the socialist government in 1980.