The paper endeavors to painstakingly unpack the main catalysts of traditional conflicts which revolved around natural resources such as land, water. However, the most of these conflicts are among the pastoral communities and agricultural communities. And these conflicts are occasioned by disputes over land distribution, the degradation of the ecosystem and natural resources and other issues such as the armed conflict in the country. The major traditional conflict subsumes the Dinka-Nuer conflict which is often sparked by issues such as grazing land, and family issues. The conflict has been transformed through political struggle amidst the elites to detrimental and subversive conflict led to the loss of lives and properties between the two groups. However, the current conflict has been unfortunately wrought by political struggle over power and economic resources, not directly related to the traditional issues.