The present study examined the parental encouragement and academic achievement of children of working and non-working mothers of Kashmir. The sample of the study comprised of 600 children (in which 300 children of working mothers and 300 children of non-working mothers). Parental Encouragement Scale developed by Kusum Aggarwal (1999) was used. For statistical analysis mean, SD, t-test and Correlation was used. The results of the study revealed that children of working mothers have found higher parental encouragement than the children of non-working mothers. The result also revealed that there is no significant difference between children of working and non-working mothers on academic achievement.