Philosophies regarding the education of children with special needs have changed dramatically over the past two decades and several countries including India have led in the effort in implementing policies which foster the integration and more recently inclusion of students with special needs into the mainstream education system. Inclusive education is a worldwide phenomenon widely advocated in the recent past. It is a philosophy as well as a principle and/or practice that is based on human rights and social justice. It advocates that children with special needs have to be educated along with their normal peers in the regular classrooms. India has advocated the implementation of inclusive education supported by relevant policies, legal enactments, schemes, programmes, and plans. This paper addresses contemporary initiatives undertaken by Central and State Governments for persons with disabilities in India.