The specific objective of the study was to identify challenges and opportunities of sesame production with reference to sesame producer farmersin Kafta Humera Werda, Tigray Regional state, Ethiopia. In order to acquire the relevant data, primary and secondary data were used. Cross sectional data was collected from 388 sample respondents of the Kafta Humera Werda Tigray regional state using multistage sampling technique. Besides, focused group discussions and interviews were also made with higher officials, selected model farmers and experts of various bureaus and sectors of the zone and the region of the study area. Data were analyzed descriptively to arrive at conclusion. Constraints/ challenges hindering the development of sesame value chain were identified at farm-level.Production related challenges involves labour shortage, post-harvest losses, irregular rain fall, poor linkage among value chain actors, absence sesame processing plant, lower productivity, limited access to credit, shortage of improved variety, infestation of disease and insect pests, higher fertilizer price and untimely delivery and existence weak farmer cooperatives. Apparently sesame growers indicate marketing related challenges which involves limited access to market information, poor road and telecommunication infrastructure, existence of large middle men, lack of modern packaging materials and lack of appropriate storage facility. Finally, existence of huge opportunities in the international market for sesame, agro ecology, huge demand for food oil in the country, smallholders’ dominated subsistence agriculture farming practice, more focus from government as sesame one of targeted crops for development in the growth and transformation plan and agro processing plant establishment were among potential opportunities identified in this study area. Based on the findings of the study we suggest that the government and concerned stakeholders should focus on promoting improved sesame variety, encouraging the use of labour saving technology, strengthening the existing social services, promoting farmers’ cooperatives, strengthening rural urban infrastructure, creating competitive market and availing market information services.