Indian constitution provides for equal rights to all the citizens belonging to different caste, creed, religion and region. Special emphasis has been given to equality between men and women. However, in actual practice our society is marked with unequal power of equation between male and female. This unequal distribution of power can be seen in all the domains of life. The fact that men and women are not equal can be seen not only at the work place, but also within the household. This inequality between men and women in our society has its roots in the form of our social structure. Our society is based on the principles of patriarchy which prescribes male dominance in all walks of life. In a simpler terminology, patriarchy means rule of father or any senior male member in the family. Patriarchy is a social and ideological construct which considers men superior to women. It is based on a system of power relations which are hierarchical and unequal where men control not only their womenfolk but their activities as well. Patriarchy imposes ‘masculinity and femininity character stereotypes’ in a society which strengthen the iniquitous power relations between men and women. Unequal gender relation is not constant but is a very dynamic and complex feature of the society. It has undergone change a constant over the time in all the societies of the world. Further, it is important to note that the nature of control and subjugation of women varies from one society to another due to the differences in class, caste, religion, region, ethnicity and the socio-cultural practices. Subordination and subjugation of women to men is a typical feature in almost all the societies of the world. We come across experiences where women are not only treated as subordinate to men but are also subject to discriminations, humiliations, exploitations, oppressions, control and violence. Post-natal elimination has been examined in terms of sex differentials in mortality rate among children. The required data are derived from estimates of Population Foundation of India (PFI). In the second section, the resultant patterns in sex composition of children in the age group 0-6 years have been discussed.