The paper endeavors to painstakingly and strenuously enunciate the issues pertaining the causation of ethnic identity. There many different strands of convictions and opinions on what actually wrought ethnic identities which revolve around, resources and political issues. However, ethnic identities are reflections of political rivalry, abuse of power, monopolize resources. Additionally, ethnic identities are often remolded, constructed by elites in their vying for power and by politicians who could imagine and instrumentalize differences and identification for the sake of rallying and lobbying for support and organization which conspicuously makes ethnic identity as politically made. Furthermore, also the paper briefly unpack and explain the two main approaches to ethnic identity, Primordilists who consider ethnicity as innate and immutable and the Constructivists who deem it as fluid, malleable and negotiable aspect of identity. Meanwhile, in the case of South Sudan ethnic identities(tribalism) are politically sparked by elites struggle over power, exhorted, stimulated by them and to imagine and construct ethnic identity by exploiting and exaggerating traditional communal conflict which they used as instruments and tools for mobilizations and recruitments, exclusion policy which is focused and based on monopolization of resources and power amides handful people who consolidate political and military power, inequality allocation of power and resources, elite put their interest at expense of the national interests and deplorably flanks in building a nation of ethnic diversity and inclusion, rapid growing crime, corruption and illegal practices which are committed against innocent people by groups enmesh in the ongoing conflict, the competition over land trigged by political unrest, frail and unstable institutions, identity politics which has it historical legacies and events. Finally loss of power, which means the loss of resources and access to other resources will lead a potential of a conflict between those who lost power and struggling to return to it in order to have access to resources and the group who is in power and struggle to use whatever available to indemnify their seats and t remain in power.