Indigenous people are over 300 million in the world. They are inhabitants of each biome of the earth, significantly the least disturbed ecosystem, which is terrestrial or aquatic. Based on comprehensive analysis of recently published data, this paper stresses the strategic significance of indigenous people in the maintenance, management, and conservation of Biodiversity of the entire world. There is an indivisible relation between Indigenous ethnic cultures and biodiversity conservation. Indigenous people live in the most hostile environment and protect biodiversity. They have evolved to live in extreme conditions. In case of western Rajasthan indigenous schedule tribe is Bheel community. Their contribution to the conservation of biodiversity is significant. Traditions, cultures and their livelihood activities are an important factor for the desert ecosystem.