The present study conducted to examine the effect of gender, level of self-esteem and school type on the academic achievement of secondary school students. The research population was taken from male and female secondary school students of Magadha region of Bihar. The samples selected through random sampling method including 1000 students (633 government and 367 private school students). The collected data was analyzed using SPSS package. The result of the study showed that gender had no significant effect on the academic achievement of secondary school students. It also shows that high self-esteem students have better academic achievement than low self-esteem students. It also revealed that there were no significant differences with regard to academic achievement of government and private school students in Magadha region of Bihar.