Animal rearing have been one of the most important economic activities of the Indian people for many centuries and it has been a source of income, employment and nutrition food. When English East Indian Company came to rule a varied and complex Indian rural society, Animal husbandry was important of part agrarian society but under the colonial administrative and economic policies animal husbandry was adversely affected. Due to recurring famines and expansion of cultivation activity on grazing land, livestock perished. This paper has tried to assess the role of livestock in agrarian society under the colonial rule. Why did the livestock perish? What was the impact of colonial policies on livestock? How the livestock were playing the role in changing in caste structure? This paper is mainly divided into two sections. First section deals with the reason behind the decline of animal husbandry under the colonial rule while the second section deals with the impact of decline of animal husbandry on agrarian society.